Understanding Tubal Factor Infertility
When a woman's fallopian tubes are blocked or damaged, it can cause infertility. This is known as tubal factor infertility, and it affects around 25% of infertile couples. The fallopian tubes play an essential role in fertilization, as they are responsible for transporting the egg from the ovary to the uterus. When they are blocked or damaged, the egg cannot reach the uterus, and fertilization cannot occur.
There are many causes of tubal factor infertility, including infections, endometriosis, and pelvic adhesions. Infections like chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause scarring and blockages in the tubes, while endometriosis can lead to adhesions that can also block the tubes. Pelvic surgery and previous ectopic pregnancies can also cause damage to the tubes.
Diagnosing tubal factor infertility usually involves a combination of medical history, physical exam, and diagnostic tests. These tests may include hysterosalpingography (HSG), laparoscopy, or hysteroscopy. HSG is a special X-ray that can show if the tubes are blocked, while laparoscopy and hysteroscopy are surgical procedures that can provide a more detailed view of the reproductive organs.
Treatment for tubal factor infertility often involves surgical procedures to repair or remove damaged tissue. In some cases, in vitro fertilization (IVF) may be recommended. IVF bypasses the fallopian tubes altogether by fertilizing the egg outside the body and transferring it to the uterus. This can be a successful treatment option for many couples struggling with tubal factor infertility.
